• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    In the case of an air-conditioning building element (1) for generating heat from solar radiation energy by means of transparent thermal insulation (TWD) and shading during the cooling period, at least comprising: a) at least one lamellar element (2) functioning as a shading element with a side length (a) for shading the transparent thermal insulation ( TWD); b) at least one spacer element (3) with a side length (b) for creating a distance between adjacent lamellar elements (2); wherein at least one absorber layer (A) for absorbing the incident solar radiation (E) and at least one overlying, transparent thermal insulation layer (T) is arranged on the spacer element (3) to provide transparent thermal insulation (TWD); whereby the design of the building element (1) allows a critical angle (β) to be set, at which the incident solar radiation (E) can strike the absorber layer (A) and over which the incident solar radiation (E) reflects back or the absorber layer (A) is shadowed; should have a simplified design. This is achieved in that, through the alignment and dimensioning of the lamella element (2) compared to the alignment and dimensioning of the spacer element (3), the critical angle (β) can be adjusted so that the incident solar radiation (E) can be set directly and independently of a reflector layer up to Critical angle (β) impinges on the absorber layer (A).
    公开号:CH716056A1
    申请号:CH00495/19
    申请日:2019-04-11
    公开日:2020-10-15
    发明作者:Affentranger Markus
    申请人:Affentranger Bau Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Technical area
    The present invention describes an air-conditioning building element for generating heat from solar radiation energy during the heating period and by means of shading during the cooling period according to the preamble of the first claim and a building envelope comprising at least one, preferably a plurality of adjacent or modularly arranged, building elements and a heat-storing, insulating and at the same time a cooling wall element.
    State of the art
    [0002] A wide variety of systems for obtaining heat from solar radiation energy by means of transparent thermal insulation are known from the prior art, typically a blackened storage wall serving as an absorber layer is attached behind a transparent thermal insulation layer. During the day, the wall heats up due to the absorbed solar radiation and the greenhouse effect caused by the pane of glass; at night, the wall releases part of the stored heat with a time delay. This effect is only desirable in the winter months, but not in the summer months.
    For example, from WO 2009/130041 A1 a building element for heat recovery from solar radiation energy by means of transparent thermal insulation is known, the building element known here having an absorber layer and an overlying, transparent thermal insulation layer to provide transparent thermal insulation. The building element has a shading element in the form of a shading projection. Here, the shading element is designed and arranged in such a way that the facade or building shell is partially shielded by the shading element from the steep, in particular at an angle of approximately> 40 ° to 64 °, incident sun rays in summer or in the summer months, while the facade is fully sunlit in winter or in the winter months due to the flat or almost horizontal, in particular at an angle of approx. 16.5 ° to <40 °, incident sun rays.
    By such shading in the summer months it is advantageously achieved that by achieving unheated facades in midsummer blinds and air conditioning can be partially saved. In other words, the building element known from this heats the building in winter and partially cools the building in summer, and heating and air conditioning costs can thus be saved through the present implementation of passive energy generation. For example, an unshaded south facade in Lucerne radiates solar energy of around 792 kWh / m <2> per year, with around 42% of this falling on the facade during the six winter months.
    In particular, by maintaining a critical angle of around 40 ° for the incident solar radiation, it is ensured that even in the transition period between summer and winter, i.e. also in the transition months of March and September, optimal heating and air conditioning conditions are created.
    However, the building element known from WO 2009/130041 A1 for generating heat from solar radiation energy by means of transparent thermal insulation has the disadvantage that the construction is comparatively complicated and hardly any corrections can be made during assembly.
    Presentation of the invention
    The present invention has set itself the task of providing a building element which overcomes the disadvantages of the known prior art and in particular has a simplified construction.
    A building element having the features of claim 1 fulfills these tasks.
    According to the invention, the building element is designed in such a way that the limit angle is adjustable by the alignment and dimensioning of the lamellar element relative to the alignment and dimensioning of the spacer element, so that the incident solar radiation strikes the absorber layer directly and independently of a reflector layer up to a certain critical angle .
    For the purposes of the present invention, the limit angle at which the incident solar radiation can impinge on the absorber layer and over which the incident solar radiation is reflected back or the absorber layer is shaded can be set by the alignment and dimensioning of the lamellar element compared to the alignment and dimensioning of the spacer element .
    In comparison to the building element known from WO 2009/130041 A1, in which the critical angle is set with the aid of a metallic reflector layer, a reflector layer can advantageously be dispensed with in a simplified manner in the building element according to the invention.
    Preferably, the side length of the lamellar element is between 3mm and 1000mm, more preferably between 30mm and 300mm, most preferably between 50mm and 100mm, and the side length of the spacer element between 3mm and 1000mm, more preferably between 72mm and 720mm, most preferably between 120mm and 240mm, the aspect ratio between lamellar element and spacer element being a = 2 to 25 to b = 2 to 25, preferably a = 5 to b = 10 to 20, more preferably a = 5 to b = 12 to 15.
    It has been shown to be advantageous that in this case aspect ratios are preferably implemented on a small scale and optimal, full-area facade and side shading is achieved. This small scale enables full-surface shading of the transparent thermal insulation or the facade during the cooling period.
    Particularly preferably, the side length of the lamellar elements corresponds to the side length of the spacer elements (i.e. an aspect ratio 1: 2), which means that at an angle of incidence of <64 °, the solar radiation can strike the transparent thermal insulation layer or the absorber layer.
    Such an angle of incidence for solar radiation of up to around 64 ° corresponds approximately to the limit angle mentioned in the introduction for incident solar radiation in the transitional months. In other words, the building element according to the invention and the heat-storing or air-conditioning wall element are designed and arranged in the installed state to form a building envelope in such a way that in the winter months solar radiation incident at an acute angle to the ground reaches the absorber layer, while in the summer months one of a high When the sun is standing at an obtuse angle to the ground, incident solar radiation is reflected by reflective areas of the building element or the absorber layer is shaded.
    In contrast to the prior art, it has now been shown to be advantageous that in the building element according to the invention, a critical angle for the incident solar radiation> 45 ° is particularly desirable because of the additional gain in heating energy associated therewith.
    For example, it is known for a location in Switzerland of the inventive building element as part of a building envelope that the low-lying solar radiation in winter within the heating period (ie from September 21 to March 21) is between 5 ° and 40 °, while the solar radiation in summer outside the heating season (ie from March 21st to September 21st)> 40 °.
    For the purposes of the present invention, it is preferred that one side length of the lamellar element is at least partially shortened compared to the side length of the spacer element and thus the angle of incidence of solar radiation> 45 ° can impinge on the transparent thermal insulation layer or absorber layer and thereby the building element or by means of a storage stone can heat the heat-storing wall element. Such a partial shortening of the lamellar element has the advantage that in foggy conditions (i.e. reduced solar radiation) it can be compensated for by the associated additional gain in heating energy.
    Conversely, in the context of the present invention, it can also be conceivable that one side length of the lamella element is at least partially lengthened compared to the side length of the spacer element and thus the angle of incidence of the solar radiation <45 ° can strike the transparent thermal insulation layer or absorber layer. Such a partial extension of the lamellar element has the advantage that there is a certain amount of leeway, for example in particularly sunny regions (i.e. intense solar radiation).
    For the purposes of the present invention, various configurations of the lamellar elements functioning as shading elements are conceivable, for example with a triangular cross section, with a square, in particular rectangular, cross section or any other cross section.
    Furthermore, it has been shown to be advantageous that the individual building elements according to the invention (i.e. without an associated wall element) can be used in the renovation area.
    For the purposes of the present invention, the building element according to the invention comprising the lamellar element and the spacer element can be designed according to a preferred embodiment in the form of a facade plaster, in particular as a grooved plaster.
    Last but not least, it has been shown to be advantageous that the lamellar structure of the building element according to the invention can offer additional soundproofing.
    [0024] Further advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent patent claims.
    Preferably the base material of the building element according to the invention, i.e. the at least one spacer element and / or lamellar element, mortar and / or concrete. The lamellar element functioning as a shading element is particularly preferably designed in a light color, for example made of concrete, in particular foam concrete, mortar, clay, ceramic, sand-lime brick, wood, metal, plastic, so that the sun's rays, especially in the summer months, also come from the building envelope or the facade are reflected away.
    For the purposes of the present invention, a heat-storing wall element or masonry is understood to mean that this is made from a storage stone or heat storage stone. The heat storage stone is preferably mineral-based, in particular based on concrete, in particular foam concrete, mortar, clay, ceramic, sand-lime brick, wood, metal, plastic, or any combination thereof.
    Preferably, the lamellar element acting as a shading element is designed in a light color, for example made of concrete, especially foam concrete, mortar, clay, ceramics, sand-lime brick, wood, metal, plastic, so that the sun's rays, especially in the summer months, additionally from the building envelope or facade are reflected away. In this context, it is very particularly preferable for the underside and the upper facade section between the lamellar elements to be designed in a dark color or to absorb solar radiation in order to achieve optimal absorption of the incident solar radiation.
    The transparent thermal insulation layer is preferably mineral-based, i.e. for example made of silicon dioxide (i.e. in the form of a sheet of glass), silica (i.e. silica gel) or airgel, or any combination thereof. In addition to the required low thermal conductivity (λ value), the use of silica (or silica gel) or airgel has the particular advantage that, due to its vapor permeability (µ value), there is no water in the spaces between the building elements or the building envelope, especially in the space between them between the absorber layer and the transparent thermal insulation layer, can accumulate. In this context, airgel, for example, has a thermal conductivity λ value = 0.015-0.018 W / (mK) and a vapor permeability µ value = 6 (compared to glass with a thermal conductivity λ value = 0.76 W / (mK) and a vapor permeability µ-value = 1'000'000).
    Furthermore, it has been shown to be advantageous that such a mineral-based, transparent thermal insulation layer is more suitable for higher temperatures than a plastic-based, transparent thermal insulation layer such as polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate or the like.
    The transparent thermal insulation layer is preferably made of silicon dioxide (glass), silica or airgel or any combination. In particular with regard to the use of airgel as a transparent thermal insulation layer, it has been shown to be advantageous that frost protection is also achieved. The prevention of frost has the further advantage that no expensive, frost-free materials such as frost-free kit have to be used.
    The absorber layer is preferably made of silicon carbide, silicon carbonate, silicate paint, silicone resin paint, emulsion paint, mortar, metal or any combination thereof and is thus designed as a dark back.
    A further aspect of the present invention relates to a building envelope or a facade comprising at least one, preferably a plurality of adjacent or modularly arranged, building elements according to the invention and a heat-storing wall element.
    According to an alternative embodiment, the building envelope according to the invention comprises a plurality of lamellar elements arranged at a distance from a heat-storing wall element without a spacer element, the lamellar elements being attached directly to the heat-storing wall element.
    In the installed state of the building elements according to the invention, the slat elements acting as shading elements preferably have a gradient between α = 1 ° to 30 °, more preferably α = 5 ° to 20 °, most preferably about α = 1 ° to 5 °, so that water, especially rainwater, can flow away.
    In the case of renovation, the base plaster on an existing wall element influences the slope of the building element according to the invention to be attached.
    Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for producing the building element according to the invention comprising the method steps:<tb> <SEP> a) Provision of a basic construction comprising at least one lamella element (2) functioning as a shading element and at least one spacer element for creating a distance between adjacent lamella elements without transparent thermal insulation;<tb> <SEP> b) Provision of the transparent thermal insulation on the comprising an absorber layer for the absorption of solar radiation and an overlying, transparent thermal insulation layer, whereby the design of the building element sets a critical angle at which the incident solar radiation can hit the absorber layer and over which the incident solar radiation is reflected back or the absorber layer is shaded; and wherein the alignment and dimensioning of the lamella element compared to the alignment and dimensioning of the spacer element sets the critical angle so that the incident solar radiation strikes the absorber layer directly and independently of a reflector layer up to the critical angle.
    In method step a), the basic construction of the building element according to the invention is preferably produced by means of 3D concrete printing. The use of a 3D concrete printing process has the particular advantage that the surface can be leveled out in the event of unevenness on the heat-storing wall element to be attached.
    In process step a), the basic construction of the building element according to the invention is preferably made in the form of a facade plaster, in particular a grooved plaster, or is designed as a grooved plaster, the transparent thermal insulation TWD can be attached in the area of the spacer elements 3 provided between the grooves.
    Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for producing a building envelope comprising the building element according to the invention and a heat-storing wall element.
    Brief description of the drawings
    A preferred embodiment of the subject matter of the invention is described below in connection with the attached drawings. Show it:<tb> <SEP> Fig. 1a shows a perspective view through a first preferred embodiment of the building element according to the invention, the building element being coupled to a heat-storing wall element to form a building shell according to the invention;<tb> <SEP> Fig. 1b shows a cross section through the first preferred embodiment of the building element according to the invention;<tb> <SEP> Fig. 1c shows a cross section through a second preferred embodiment of the building element according to the invention with two transparent thermal insulation layers;<tb> <SEP> Fig. 2 shows a cross section through the first preferred embodiment of a building element according to the invention coupled to a heat-storing wall element to form a building shell according to the invention, a plurality of cavities K being formed in the heat-storing wall element;<tb> <SEP> Fig. 3 shows a cross section through a third preferred embodiment of a building element according to the invention, the basic construction of the building element being manufactured or designed in the form of a facade plaster, in particular a grooved plaster;<tb> <SEP> Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a building with a building envelope according to the invention comprising a plurality of the building elements according to the invention.
    description
    1a shows a perspective view of the first preferred embodiment of the invention, in a plurality of side by side and one above the other arranged building elements 1 for heat recovery from solar radiation energy by means of transparent thermal insulation TWD, the building elements 1 is coupled to a heat-storing wall element W to form an inventive Building envelope G. Each building element 1 here comprises a lamella element 2 functioning as a shading element with a side length a for shading the transparent thermal insulation TWD and a spacer element 3 with a side length b for creating a distance between adjacent lamella elements 2. There is at least one on the spacer element 3 An absorber layer A for absorbing the incident solar radiation E and, here, an overlying, transparent thermal insulation layer T arranged to provide transparent thermal insulation TWD. As shown in FIG. 1a, a support element 5 can furthermore be provided at the end of the building element 1 for static reinforcement or for supporting one lamella element 2 at a time.
    The building elements 1 can be assembled like masonry, in that the individual building elements 1 are attached one above the other or next to one another, for example by means of thin-bed mortar and / or two-component adhesive, or are grouted to form a joint F.
    On the back or the side facing the building, as shown in Fig.1a, the plurality of building elements 1 is mortared onto the heat-storing wall element W by means of thin-bed mortar or glued by means of a two-component adhesive. In other words, for a complete facade or building envelope G, the building element 1 must be supplemented on the rear by a heat-storing wall element W formed by means of a storage stone. Here a blackened storage wall serving as an absorber layer A is attached behind a transparent thermal insulation layer TWD. During the day, the wall heats up due to the absorbed solar radiation and the greenhouse effect caused by the pane of glass; towards the evening or at night, the wall releases part of the stored heat - as indicated by arrows - with a time delay.
    1b shows a cross-section through the first preferred embodiment of the building element 1 according to the invention. With the configuration of the building element 1 shown in FIG. 1b, a limit angle β can be set at which - as indicated by an arrow - the incident solar radiation E bis can strike the absorber layer A and over which - as indicated by a further arrow - the incident solar radiation E is reflected back or the absorber layer A is shaded.
    The following table 1 shows an experiment with airgel as a transparent thermal insulation layer T of the first preferred embodiment of the building element according to the invention with a thickness D = 2cm, the experiment being carried out in the winter months (February 18, 2019) with a south-facing building element and these are average values:<tb> <SEP> The following table 1 shows a test with airgel as a transparent thermal insulation layer T of the first preferred embodiment of the building element according to the invention with a thickness D = 2 cm, the test being carried out in the winter months (February 18, 2019) with a building element facing south was carried out. They are average values.<tb> 08:00 <SEP> -2 ° C <SEP> -2 ° C <SEP> 6 ° C <SEP> 8 ° C<tb> 10:00 <SEP> 4 ° C <SEP> 7 ° C <SEP> 40 ° C <SEP> 14 ° C<tb> 12:00 <SEP> 6 ° C <SEP> 9 ° C <SEP> 61 ° C <SEP> 19 ° C<tb> 14:00 <SEP> 8 ° C <SEP> 15 ° C <SEP> 65 ° C <SEP> 20 ° C<tb> 16:00 <SEP> 8 ° C <SEP> 13 ° C <SEP> 64 ° C <SEP> 22 ° C<tb> 18:00 <SEP> 4 ° C <SEP> 10 ° C <SEP> 58 ° C <SEP> 21 ° C<tb> 20:00 <SEP> 1 ° C <SEP> 6 ° C <SEP> 50 ° C <SEP> 20 ° C<tb> 22:00 <SEP> -1 ° C <SEP> 5 ° C <SEP> 35 ° C <SEP> 20 ° C<tb> 00:00 <SEP> -2 ° C <SEP> 4 ° C <SEP> 16 ° C <SEP> 15 ° C<tb> 02:00 <SEP> -2 ° C <SEP> 3 ° C <SEP> 10 ° C <SEP> 15 ° C<tb> 04:00 <SEP> -2 ° C <SEP> 2 ° C <SEP> 4 ° C <SEP> 12 ° C<tb> 06:00 <SEP> -2 ° C <SEP> 2 ° C <SEP> 4 ° C <SEP> 10 ° C
    Table 1
    As can be seen from Table 1, the measurable temperature in building element 1 increases in the winter months between an angle of incidence of the incident solar radiation of 30 ° and an incidence angle of the incident solar radiation of 40 ° (between 08:00 and 14:00) from +6 ° C to + 65 ° C. Furthermore, in Table 1 it can be seen that the measurable temperature in building element 1 between an angle of incidence of the incident solar radiation of 47 ° and an angle of incidence of the incident solar radiation of 14 ° (between 2:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m.) again reduces from +65 ° C to + 58 ° C. It can thus be interpreted here that a critical angle β for the incident solar radiation> 40 ° is particularly desirable due to the additional gain in heating energy associated with it. Table 1 also shows that the core temperature in the heat-storing wall element W does not cool down below 10 ° C overnight despite an air temperature of -2 ° C.
    The following table 2 shows an experiment with airgel as a transparent thermal insulation layer T of the first preferred embodiment of the building element according to the invention with a thickness D = 2cm, the experiment being carried out in the spring months (March 26, 2019). The building element was aligned on a daily basis to north, south, east and west. The resulting average values are shown in Table 2 below.<tb> 08:00 <SEP> 0 ° C <SEP> 6 ° C <SEP> 8 ° C <SEP> 15 ° C<tb> 10:00 <SEP> 9 ° C <SEP> 15 ° C <SEP> 45 ° C <SEP> 16 ° C<tb> 12:00 <SEP> 11 ° C <SEP> 30 ° C <SEP> 65 ° C <SEP> 22 ° C<tb> 14:00 <SEP> 15 ° C <SEP> 35 ° C <SEP> 70 ° C <SEP> 24 ° C<tb> 16:00 <SEP> 16 ° C <SEP> 30 ° C <SEP> 70 ° C <SEP> 27 ° C<tb> 18:00 <SEP> 14 ° C <SEP> 27 ° C <SEP> 65 ° C <SEP> 27 ° C<tb> 20:00 <SEP> 9 ° C <SEP> 16 ° C <SEP> 50 ° C <SEP> 25 ° C<tb> 22:00 <SEP> 3 ° C <SEP> 10 ° C <SEP> 35 ° C <SEP> 23 ° C<tb> 00:00 <SEP> 1 ° C <SEP> 8 ° C <SEP> 18 ° C <SEP> 21 ° C<tb> 02:00 <SEP> -2 ° C <SEP> 7 ° C <SEP> 10 ° C <SEP> 19 ° C<tb> 04:00 <SEP> -2 ° C <SEP> 7 ° C <SEP> 7 ° C <SEP> 17 ° C<tb> 06:00 <SEP> -2 ° C <SEP> 7 ° C <SEP> 7 ° C <SEP> 16 ° C
    Table 2
    As can be seen from Table 2, the measurable temperature in building element 1 increases in the spring months between an angle of incidence of the incident solar radiation of 30 ° and an incidence angle of the incident solar radiation of 40 ° (between 08:00 and 14:00) from +8 ° C to + 70 ° C. It can also be seen in Table 2 that the measurable temperature in building element 1 between an angle of incidence of the incident solar radiation of 47 ° and an angle of incidence of the incident solar radiation of 14 ° (between 2:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m.) again reduces from +70 ° C to + 65 ° C. It can thus be interpreted here that a critical angle β for the incident solar radiation> 40 ° is particularly desirable due to the additional gain in heating energy associated with it.
    1c shows a cross section through a second preferred embodiment of the building element according to the invention with two transparent thermal insulation layers T1 and T2. A first, transparent thermal insulation layer T1 lying against the spacer element 3 is formed here by airgel, while a second transparent thermal insulation layer T2 lying against the first transparent thermal insulation layer T1 is formed here by a pane of glass.
    It has been shown to be advantageous that a critical angle β of the incident solar radiation E is between 1 ° and 90 °, more preferably between 12 ° and 75 °, most preferably between 40 ° and 70 °. In the second preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1c, the maximum angle of incidence of the incident solar radiation E can be approximately 67 °.
    As can be seen in FIG. 1c, in the installed state of the two adjacent building elements 1 shown here, the lamellar elements 2 functioning as shading elements have a gradient between α = 1 ° to 30 °, more preferably α = 5 ° to 20 °, most of the time preferably about α = 1 ° to 5 °, so that water, especially rainwater, can flow away and no undesired accumulations of water can form as a result.
    In the second preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1c, the lamellar element 2 also has a lower projection 4 'and an upper projection 4 "here for placing the glass pane (second, transparent thermal insulation layer T2).
    Two particularly preferred variants of the second preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1c have the following dimensions and angles:
    Version 1:
    [0054]Side length a of the lamellar element 2: 5cmSide length b of the spacer element 3: 12cmResulting critical angle β of the incident solar radiation: around 67 °
    Variant 2:
    [0055]Side length a of the lamellar element 2: 10cmSide length b of the spacer element 3: 24cmResulting critical angle β of the incident solar radiation: around 67 °
    FIG. 2 shows a cross section A-A shown in FIG. 1c through the first preferred embodiment of a building element 1 according to the invention coupled to a heat-storing wall element W to form a building envelope G according to the invention, a plurality of cavities K being formed in the heat-storing wall element W. In other words, the heat-storing wall element W formed by means of a storage stone has a multiplicity of cavities K here. The cavities K shown in FIG. 2 can, for example, be filled with perlite rock.
    In addition, a plurality of cavities K are formed in the heat-storing wall element W, the cavities K being reinforced or concreted by means of reinforcements 10 to form concrete supports 11, so that additional, static or seismic reinforcement can be achieved.
    According to a preferred manufacturing variant, the heat-storing wall element W and the building element 1 can be provided by means of 3D printing, in particular by means of 3D concrete printing, whereby a completely new facade or building shell G is achieved. Furthermore, it is conceivable here that the transparent thermal insulation layer T is also produced by means of 3D printing.
    3 shows a cross section through a third preferred embodiment of a building element 1 according to the invention, the basic construction of the building element 1 being produced or designed in the form of a facade plaster, in particular a grooved plaster. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the lamellar elements 2 are formed in the form of grooves and the spacer elements 3 in the form of a spacing between the lamellar elements 2 shaped as grooves. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the transparent thermal insulation TWD can be attached in the area of the spacer elements 3 provided between the grooves, the transparent thermal insulation layer here comprising an absorber layer A for absorbing solar radiation and a transparent thermal insulation layer T overlying it.
    As shown in FIG. 4, the building envelope G according to the invention is here attached to the building in all directions (north, south, east, west) comprising a plurality of building elements 1 according to the invention attached next to and one above the other. As can also be seen in FIG. 4, the lamellar elements 2, which are used as shading elements, also partially shade the transparent wall insulation between them on the sunny side of the building.
    List of reference symbols
    1 building element 2 lamellar element 3 spacer element 4 '; 4 "lower and upper projection (for laying on a transparent thermal insulation layer) 5 support element 10 reinforcement (in the cavity of the wall element) 11 concrete support α slope (of the lamella element with built-in building element) β limit angle (the Solar radiation) a side length (of the lamellar element) b side length (of the spacer element) c length (of the building element) A absorber layer E incident solar radiation F joint (between adjacent building elements) G building envelope K cavity (in the heat-storing wall element) T1; T2 transparent thermal insulation layer W heat-storing wall element WS Heat storage stone
    权利要求:
    Claims (23)
    [1]
    1. Building element (1) for heat recovery from solar radiation energy by means of transparent thermal insulation (TWD), at least comprising:a) at least one lamellar element (2) functioning as a shading element with a side length (a) for shading the transparent thermal insulation (TWD);b) at least one spacer element (3) with a side length (b) for creating a distance between adjacent lamellar elements (2);wherein at least one absorber layer (A) for absorbing the incident solar radiation (E) and at least one overlying, transparent thermal insulation layer (T) is arranged on the spacer element (3) to provide transparent thermal insulation (TWD);whereby the design of the building element (1) allows a critical angle (β) to be set, at which the incident solar radiation (E) can strike the absorber layer (A) and over which the incident solar radiation (E) reflects back or the absorber layer (A) is shadowed;characterized in thatBy aligning and dimensioning the lamellar element (2) with respect to the alignment and dimensioning of the spacer element (3), the critical angle (β) can be adjusted so that the incident solar radiation (E) directly and independently of a reflector layer up to the critical angle (β) on the Absorber layer (A) hits.
    [2]
    2. Building element (1) for heat recovery from solar radiation energy by means of transparent thermal insulation (TWD) according to claim 1,characterized in thatthe ratio of the side length (a) of the lamellar element (2) to the side length (b) of the spacer element (3) is chosen so that the building element (1) has a critical angle (β) of the incident solar radiation (E) between 1 ° and 90 ° , more preferably between 12 ° and 75 °, most preferably between 40 ° and 70 °.
    [3]
    3. Building element (1) for heat recovery from solar radiation energy by means of transparent thermal insulation (TWD) according to claim 1 or 2,characterized in thatthe side length (a) of the lamellar element (2) is between 3mm and 1000mm, more preferably between 30mm and 300mm, most preferably between 50mm and 100mm, andthat the side length (b) of the spacer element (3) is between 3mm and 1000mm, more preferably between 72mm and 720mm, most preferably between 120mm and 240mm,In particular, the aspect ratio between lamellar element (2) and spacer element (3) is a = 2 to 25 to b = 2 to 25, preferably a = 5 to b = 10 to 20, more preferably a = 5 to b = 12 to 15.
    [4]
    4. Building element (1) for heat recovery from solar radiation energy by means of transparent thermal insulation (TWD) according to one of the preceding claims,characterized in thatthe lamellar element (2) functioning as a shading element is designed in a light color, for example made of concrete, in particular foam concrete, mortar, clay, ceramic, sand-lime brick, wood, metal, plastic, so that the sun's rays, especially in the summer months, also from the building envelope (G) or the facade are reflected away.
    [5]
    5. building element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatthe transparent thermal insulation layer (T) is made of silicon dioxide (glass), silica or airgel or water glass, for example soda water glass or potassium water glass, or glass fleece or synthetic resin or plexiglass, or any combination.
    [6]
    6. building element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatthe absorber layer (A) is made of silicon carbide, silicon carbonate, silicate paint, silicone resin paint, emulsion paint or mortar, or any combination thereof and is thus designed as a dark back.
    [7]
    7. Building envelope (G) comprising at least one, preferably a plurality of adjacent or modularly arranged building elements (1) according to one of the preceding claims as well as a heat-storing wall element (W) or comprising a plurality, without a spacer element, spaced apart on a heat-storing wall element (W) arranged, lamellar elements (2), the lamellar elements (2) being attached directly to the heat-storing wall element (W).
    [8]
    8. Building envelope (G) according to claim 7,characterized in thatThe heat-storing wall element (W) comprises a heat storage stone (WS), the heat storage stone (WS) being mineral-based, in particular based on concrete, in particular foamed concrete, mortar, clay, ceramic, sand-lime brick, wood, metal, plastic, or any combination thereof.
    [9]
    9. Building envelope (G) according to claim 7 or 8,characterized in thata direct coupling without ventilation or without an air gap is formed between the building element (1) and the heat-storing wall element (W).
    [10]
    10. Building envelope (G) according to one of the preceding claims,characterized in thatthe absorber layer (A) of the building element (1) is directly coupled or applied directly to the heat-storing wall element (W) for optimal heat transfer.
    [11]
    11. Building envelope (G) according to one of the preceding claims,characterized in thatin the installed state of the building elements (1) the lamellar elements (2) functioning as shading elements have a gradient between α = 1 ° to 30 °, more preferably α = 5 ° to 20 °, most preferably about α = 1 ° to 5 °, so that water, especially rainwater, can flow away.
    [12]
    12. Building envelope (G) according to one of the preceding claims,characterized in thata plurality of cavities (K) is formed in the heat-storing wall element (W), the cavities (K) being reinforced or concreted by means of reinforcements (10) to form concrete supports (11), so that additional static reinforcement can be achieved.
    [13]
    13. A method for producing a building element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the process steps:a) Provision of a basic construction comprising at least one lamella element (2) functioning as a shading element and at least one spacer element (3) for creating a distance between adjacent lamella elements (2) without transparent thermal insulation (TWD);b) providing the transparent thermal insulation on the comprising an absorber layer (A) for the absorption of solar radiation and an overlying, transparent thermal insulation layer (T),whereby the design of the building element (1) sets a critical angle (β) at which the incident solar radiation (E) can strike the absorber layer (A) and over which the incident solar radiation (E) reflects back or the absorber layer (A) is shadowed;characterized in thatthrough the alignment and dimensioning of the lamellar element (2) compared to the alignment and dimensioning of the spacer element (3), the critical angle (β) is set so that the incident solar radiation (E) directly and independently of a reflector layer up to the critical angle (β) on the Absorber layer (A) hits.
    [14]
    14. A method for producing a building element (1) according to claim 13,characterized in thatwherein the ratio of the side length (a) of the lamellar element (2) to the side length (b) of the spacer element (3) is selected such that a critical angle (β) of the incident solar radiation (E) between 1 ° and 90 °, more preferably between 12 ° and 75 °, most preferably between 40 ° and 70 °.
    [15]
    15. A method for producing a building element (1) according to claim 13 or 14,characterized in thatthe side length (a) of the lamellar element (2) is between 3mm and 1000mm, more preferably between 30mm and 300mm, most preferably between 50mm and 100mm, andthat the side length (b) of the spacer element (3) is between 3mm and 1000mm, more preferably between 72mm and 720mm, most preferably between 120mm and 240mm,so that the building element (1) in an aspect ratio between lamellar element (2) and spacer element (3) a = 2 to 25 to b = 2 to 25, preferably a = 5 to b = 10 to 20, more preferably a = 5 to b = 12 to 15 is made.
    [16]
    16. A method for producing a building element (1) according to claim 13 to 15,characterized in thatin process step a) the basic structure of the building element (1) is produced by pouring prefabricated formwork forms.
    [17]
    17. A method for producing a building element (1) according to claim 13 to 16,characterized in thatIn process step a) the basic construction of the building element (1) is produced by grinding, cutting or other processing of concrete, mortar, clay, ceramic, foam concrete, sand-lime brick, wood, metal, plastic or any combination thereof.
    [18]
    18. A method for producing a building element (1) according to claim 13 to 17,characterized in thatin process step a) the basic structure of the building element (1) is produced using 3D concrete printing.
    [19]
    19. A method for producing a building element (1) according to claim 13 to 18,characterized in thatin process step a) the basic construction of the building element (1) is produced in the form of a facade plaster, in particular a grooved plaster.
    [20]
    20. A method for producing a building element (1) according to any one of claims 13 to 19,characterized in thatin process step b) the transparent thermal insulation layer (T) is achieved by inserting a transparent element made of glass or silicon dioxide, for example a glass pane, or made of plastic.
    [21]
    21. A method for producing a building element (1) according to one of claims 13 to 20,characterized in thatin process step b) the transparent thermal insulation layer (T) is bound in an essentially transparent mass with a sufficiently high viscosity suitable for application and is then applied to the absorber layer (A).
    [22]
    22. A method for producing a building envelope (G) according to any one of claims 7 to 12, comprising the process steps:a) providing a heat-storing wall element (W);b) Provision of a building element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6.
    [23]
    23. A method for producing a building envelope (G) according to claim 22,characterized in thatthe process steps a) and b) are carried out by means of 3D printing, the transparent thermal insulation layer (T) also being produced by means of 3D printing.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3722548A1|2020-10-14|
    CH716056A8|2021-03-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    AT398217B|1991-07-19|1994-10-25|Mittasch Wolfgang Ing|Solar facade|
    DE19509545A1|1995-03-16|1996-09-19|Fraunhofer Ges Forschung|Transparent heat damping material|
    AT406599B|1996-11-06|2000-06-26|Wolfgang Ing Mittasch|Solar facade with shading and light-deflecting system in front of a window and transparent heating insulation|
    DE19945483A1|1999-09-22|2001-03-29|Zae Bayern|Transparent thermal damping for generating solar energy has incorporated horizontal shading strip bars pitched at structured angles in a modular structure|
    AT506248A1|2007-12-21|2009-07-15|Danut Popa|THERMAL SOLAR SYSTEM WITH IMPROVED EFFICIENCY|
    DE20311814U1|2003-07-31|2004-12-02|SCHÜCO International KG|lamella element|
    DE102008020621A1|2008-04-24|2009-10-29|Technische Universität München|Solar wall element|
    法律状态:
    2021-03-15| PK| Correction|Free format text: BERICHTIGUNG A8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH00495/19A|CH716056A8|2019-04-11|2019-04-11|Air-conditioning building element for generating heat from solar radiation energy during the heating period and cooling by means of shading during the cooling period.|CH00495/19A| CH716056A8|2019-04-11|2019-04-11|Air-conditioning building element for generating heat from solar radiation energy during the heating period and cooling by means of shading during the cooling period.|
    EP20167497.5A| EP3722548A1|2019-04-11|2020-04-01|Building element for obtaining heat from solar radiation energy by means of transparent thermal insulation|
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